Short Column and Long Column

What is a Column, Short Column, Long Column Column: A column is a vertical compression member.  A column is subjected to axial compressive loads. Short Column: When the ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimensions of the column is less than 12, then it is called a short column. (or) When the ratio of effective length to the least radius of gyration is less than 45, then it is called a short column. Long Column: When the ratio of effective length to the least radius of gyration is greater than 45, then it is called a long column. A long column is subjected to bending moment in addition to direct compressive stress. The load carrying capacity of a long column is less than a short column. The load carrying capacity of a long column depends upon slenderness ratio (slenderness ratio increases then the capacity of the column decreases).